# IHCI: Publication on Baseline Survey in nine districts

### Abstract <a href="#abs1" id="abs1"></a>

Hypertension control is the crucial indicator for cardiovascular disease programs. We conducted a baseline cross-sectional survey to estimate hypertension awareness, treatment, and control in the selected districts in 2018–19, where the India Hypertension Control Initiative is being implemented. We conducted cross-sectional surveys in nine project districts for 18–69 years age group. The sample size was 624 per district. The study population was individuals with raised BP/diagnosed HT. We estimated the proportion and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each district’s awareness, treatment, and control. We computed unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) with 95% CI for factors associated with BP control. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) > = 140 or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) > = 90 mmHg or treatment in the previous two weeks. Control was defined as SBP < 140 and DBP < 90 mmHg. Among 7047 who had hypertension, 52.4% were aware, 40.8% were on treatment, and 14.5% had BP control. BP control was below 5% in two districts, 5–15% in three districts, and more than 15% in four districts. Among hypertensives aware of the diagnosis, the factors (APR with 95% CI) associated with control were lack of alcohol consumption \[1.28 (1.09–1.52)], recent visit to government \[1.98 (1.57–2.50)] or private facility \[1.99 (1.61–2.46)] and treatment with single drug \[2.40 (1.98–2.90)] or multiple drugs \[2.84 (2.27–3.55)]. The simple, rapid population-based surveys can document awareness, treatment, and control changes. Improving access to treatment for hypertension through the public or private sector should be a high priority for India.

Read the complete article in Journal of Human Hypertension

<https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9>

Authors

* [Prabhdeep Kaur](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Prabhdeep-Kaur-Aff1),
* [Kamaraj Pattabi](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Kamaraj-Pattabi-Aff1),
* [Amirthammal Gunasekaran](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Amirthammal-Gunasekaran-Aff1),
* [Vettrichelvan Venkatasamy](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Vettrichelvan-Venkatasamy-Aff1),
* [Azhagendran Sivalingam](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Azhagendran-Sivalingam-Aff1),
* [Sabarinathan Ramasamy](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Sabarinathan-Ramasamy-Aff1),
* [Sailaja Bitragunta](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Sailaja-Bitragunta-Aff1),
* [Tapas Chakma](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Tapas-Chakma-Aff2),
* [Sampada D. Bangar](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Sampada_D_-Bangar-Aff3),
* [Meenakshi Sharma](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Meenakshi-Sharma-Aff4),
* [Abhishek Kunwar](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Abhishek-Kunwar-Aff5),
* [Kiran Durgad](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Kiran-Durgad-Aff5),
* [Anupam K. Pathni](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Anupam_K_-Pathni-Aff6),
* [Sandeep S. Gill](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Sandeep_S_-Gill-Aff7),
* [Padmaja Jogewar](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Padmaja-Jogewar-Aff8),
* [Madhavi Mallela](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Madhavi-Mallela-Aff9),
* [Ashish Saxsena](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Ashish-Saxsena-Aff10),
* [Bipin Gopal](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Bipin-Gopal-Aff11),
* [Bidisha Das](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Bidisha-Das-Aff12),
* [Vishwajit Bharadwaj](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Vishwajit-Bharadwaj-Aff13),
* [Pooja Gaigaware](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Pooja-Gaigaware-Aff3),
* [Sreedhar Chintala](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Sreedhar-Chintala-Aff14),
* [Chakshu Joshi](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Chakshu-Joshi-Aff15),
* [Rupali Bharadwaj](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Rupali-Bharadwaj-Aff16),
* [Suyesh Shrivastava](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Suyesh-Shrivastava-Aff2),
* [Pankaj Uike](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Pankaj-Uike-Aff2),
* [Yannick P. Puthussery](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Yannick_P_-Puthussery-Aff17),
* [Gopinath T Sambandam](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Gopinath-T_Sambandam-Aff18),
* [RS Dhaliwal](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-RS-Dhaliwal-Aff4) &
* [Balram Bhargava](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41371-025-01005-9#auth-Balram-Bhargava-Aff4)&#x20;


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